What was the name of the lady who fought in the french revelotion, her name began with a J?

she was the reason why they won and people accused her of witch craft and burned her?

What was the name of the lady who fought in the french revelotion, her name began with a J?
I think you are referring to Joan of Arc, (c. 1412 to鈥?May 30, 1431) was a 15th century saint and national heroine of France. She was the only person ever recorded to have commanded the entire army of a nation at the age of seventeen. She was captured by the English and tried by an ecclesiastical court led by Bishop Pierre Cauchon, an English partisan; the court convicted her of heresy and she was burned at the stake by the English when she was nineteen years old. Twenty-four years later, the Vatican reviewed the decision of the ecclesiastical court, found her innocent, and declared her a martyr. She was beatified in 1909 and canonized as a saint in 1920.


Joan asserted that she had visions from God that told her to recover her homeland from English domination late in the Hundred Years' War (not the French Revolution. It did not occur until 1789, lasting until鈥?799, when Napoleon came to power). The uncrowned King Charles VII sent her to the siege at Orleans as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence when she overcame the dismissive attitude of veteran commanders and lifted the siege in only nine days.


She refused to leave the field when she was wounded during an attempt to recapture Paris that autumn. Hampered by court intrigues, she led only minor companies from then onward and fell prisoner at a skirmish near Compiegne the following spring. A politically motivated trial convicted her of heresy. The English regent John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford had her burnt at the stake in Rouen. She had been the heroine of her country at 17 and died when only 19 years old. Some 24 years later, Pope Callixtus III reopened the case, and a new finding overturned the original conviction. Her piety to the end impressed the retrial court. Pope Benedict XV canonized her (or declared her a saint) on May 16, 1920.


Joan, or Jeanne in French, was the daughter of Jacques D'Arc and Isabelle de Vouthon , and she was one of 5 children (her siblings were Jacquemin, Jean, Pierre and Catherine). Her father was a local tax collector and farmer in Domremy . Her parents owned about 50 acres (0.2 square kilometers) of land in an isolated patch of northeastern territory that remained loyal to the French crown despite being surrounded by Burgundian lands. Several local raids occurred during her childhood and on one occasion her village was burned.


Joan said she was about 19 at her trial, so she was born about 1412; she later testified that she experienced her first vision around 1424 at the age of 12 years when she was out alone in a field and heard voices. She had said she cried when they left as they were so beautiful. She would report that St. Michael, St. Catherine, and St. Margaret told her to drive out the English and bring the Dauphin to Reims for his coronation.


Robert de Baudricourt granted her an escort to visit Chinon after news from the front confirmed her prediction of a military reversal at Orleans. Upon arriving at the royal court she impressed Charles VII during a private conference. He then ordered background inquiries and a theological examination at Poitiers to verify her morality. During this time Charles's mother-in-law Yolande of Aragon was financing a relief expedition to Orleans. Joan petitioned for permission to travel with the army and wear the equipment of a knight. She depended on donated items for her armour, horse, sword, banner, and entourage. Her armor was said to be white. When the Dauphin Charles granted Joan's urgent request to be equipped for war and placed at the head of his army, his decision must have been based in large part on the knowledge that every orthodox, every rational, option had been tried and had failed. Only a regime in the final straits of desperation would pay any heed to an illiterate farm girl who claimed that the voice of God was instructing her to take charge of her country's army and lead it to victory.


After minor action at La-Charit茅-sur-Loire in November and December1429, Joan went to Compiegne the following April to defend against an English and Burgundian siege. A skirmish on May 23, 1430 led to her capture. When she ordered a retreat, she assumed the place of honor as the last to leave the field. Burgundians surrounded the rear guard. It was customary for a captive's family to ransom a prisoner of war, but her family lacked the needed finances to do so. She attempted several escapes, on one occasion jumping from her 70 foot (21 m) tower in Vermandois to the soft earth of a dry moat, after which she was moved to the Burgundian town of Arras.


Her trial took place before an English-backed church court in Rouen, France in the first half of the year 1431 was, by general consensus, one of the most significant and moving trials ever conducted in human history. Her fate was sealed, more or less, with the trial's opening words--"Here begin the proceedings in matter of faith against a dead woman, Jeanne, commonly known as the Maid". The first order of business was a preliminary inquiry into Joan's character and habits. An examination as to Joan's virginity was conducted sometime prior to January 13, overseen by the Duchess of Bedford . At the same time, representatives of Pierre Cauchon, the Bishop of Beauvais and the man who would preside over the Trial, were sent to Domremy and vicinity to inquire further into Joan's life, her habits, and virtue, with several witnesses being interviewed.





The result of these inquiries was that nothing could be found against Joan to support any charges against her. Clerical notary Nicolas Bailly, commissioned to collect testimony against Joan of Arc, could find no adverse evidence.











(A much longer article about her is on the site http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_of_Arc... and her trial is described on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Jo...
Reply:I believe you're thinking of Joan of Arc; however, she lived (abt 1412 - 1431) long before the French Revolution (1789-1799). She WAS French, however.
Reply:As my predecessors suggest, you're almost surely thinking of Joan of Arc, a key leader in the Hundred Years War, which lasted 116 years from 1337 to 1453, to expulse the British from French soil. She was indeed burnt at the stake and no one - man or woman - was during the French Revolution (1789-1799).





I did find this rather interesting article on women in the French Revolution. Thought you might enjoy it.





Women and the French Revolution





(1789 - 1795)





Peasant and laboring-class French women had always been politically active in times of crises 鈥?they were responsible for putting bread on the table, and during times of hardship, such as famine, when bread was unavailable or expensive, women had traditionally marched to the civic center to beseech the local government to ameliorate their misery. During the French Revolution, this tradition would be followed with one exception: Parisian women no longer marched to the civic center to petition the local magistrates, but rather they marched first to the royal palace itself and sent their petitions directly to the king then, later, they marched to the national legislature.





Late in 1788 King Louis XVI called the French Estates General into session for first time in 175 years to deal with the kingdom's financial crisis. Elections were held and other preparations were made for the Estates General which was scheduled to begin on May 1, 1789. Rather than deal with the financial problems, the first issue the parlement dealt with was how voting was to take place: by orders or by head.





The old Estates General was divided into three estates: the nobility, the clergy, and the commoners. Each estate had one vote, and, often in the past, the clergy and the nobility had banded together to constantly defeat any proposals for reform from the commoners. The commoners were determined that that would not be so in the current assembly and pushed for the vote of each representative to be counted as a separate vote. Unable to agree on a voting method, the Third Estate (commoners) and lower clergy broke away from the Estates General and formed the National Assembly on June 17, 1789. Admitting defeat, on June 27, Louis XVI, first conciliatory then bellicose, ordered his nobles and the upper clergy to join the National Assembly which would remains in session until Sept 1791, effectively ending the Estates General after only 5 weeks (May 6 to June 17, 1789).





In mid-July, Louis once again tried to repress the elected assembly and crowds roamed the Paris streets seeking arms with which to defend the gains of the previous weeks. They came upon the Bastille, a fortress that was believed to contain arms as well as political prisoners. The crowd stormed their way in, and that symbol of oppression fell on July 14, 1789. Even today, the French celebrate Bastille Day much as Americans celebrate July 4, 1776.





The contagion spread to the countryside and peasants protested traditional feudal obligations. Fearing a full-scale revolt, on August 4 -5, secular and religious representatives of the First and Second Estates surrendered their feudal privileges; municipalities, provinces, and towns followed. By the end of the month, the National Assembly had promulgated the Declaration of the Rights of Man, a stirring document which outlines basic human rights and still today as revered by the French as Americans revere the Declaration of Independence.





As the political crisis deepened, civil authority broke down, the economic crises deepened, and bread prices rose in Paris and in the countryside. To have the king and the government closer to the people where the people could keep an eye on their activities, on October 5, 1789, the women of Paris marched to the royal palace of Versailles to return the king and his family to the city of Paris or, in the words of contemporary revolutionaries, to "bring back the baker, his wife, and the little apprentice" back to Paris. For any one who has never been to Versailles, I can only say, words fail to describe it; the ostentatious grandeur of both the buildings and the grounds which abounds there is almost unlimited. The front fa莽ade of the main building alone is almost a mile long; the magnificent, manicured grounds are, well, fit only for a King. The luxury in which the king, his family, and the nobility lived while the peasants slaved away for their absent owners vividly demonstrates the travesty of justice which was 18th century France.





After that outburst, the political scene was relatively calm, considering there was a revolution in process. But the revolution was orderly: people paraded, petitioned parlement, edited newspapers, debated the issues of the day, and took part in parliamentary activities, while the legislators went about the business of founding a new government, specifically writing a new constitution by which the French people would govern themselves. For almost 2 years, from Nov 1789 to the summer of 1791, the National Assembly drafted the Constitution of 1791, reorganized the nation into 83 departments, eliminated the nobility as a legally defined class, made the Catholic Church an agency of the state, appropriated church property to pay off the monarchy's debt, and extended full citizenship to Jews and other religious minorities.





While the National Assembly was debating the suffrage issue, Condorcet published his "On Giving Women the Right of Citizenship" in the Journal de la Societe of 1789, No. 5, July, 1790.





Meanwhile, women formed clubs in which they met together to learn how to become citizens of a great nation, rather than subjects of a king, and to press for specific legislation. According to Levy, et al, Revolutionary era women wanted equality of rights within marriage, the right to divorce, extended rights of widows over property and of widowed mothers over their minor children, publicly guaranteed educational opportunities for girls (including vocational training for poor girls), public training, licensing, and support for midwives in all provinces, guaranteed right to employment, and the exclusion of men from specific traditionally-female professions, like dress-making.





In June 1791, after the royal family attempted to flee France, was stopped near border, and was returned to Paris: the national mood became a bit uglier. Many now viewed the king as a traitor to his own country, a despot who would invite foreign armies into his own country to help him regain his lost power. The revolution continued with less support for the monarchy and louder calls for a republic. Conceived as a prologue to the still unwritten constitution, in August 1791 the Declaration of the Rights of Man was promulgated by the National Assembly. In September 1791, National Assembly was replaced by a newly elected body, the Legislative Assembly, a constitutional monarchy.





Only now did Olympe de Gouge write the Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Citizeness (1791), possibly the best known tract on the rights of women from the period, as a response to the Declaration to the Rights of Man and its silence regarding women.





Many reforms from this period were detrimental to the sans-culottes (the working and peasant classes): male suffrage was limited to men who paid at least 3 days worth of wages as taxes, disfranchising many men, and public aid was restricted even for able-bodied men and women who could not find employment (and employment was scarce because so many of the aristocracy had fled France). War against foreign forces who wanted to restore Louis's power, return of political instability and the resulting economic hardship, and their desires for sexual equality mobilized women once again to act collectively in their own behalf resulting in even more marches, more clubs, more petitions, and increased use of the taxation populaire.





The National Convention, which abolished the monarchy and established the French First Republic, sat from August 1792 to 1795. In the new elections, Girondins (moderate Republicans) came to power, but their laissez-faire economic policies did not ameliorate the condition of the lower classes. Louis XVI was tried on charges of treason and convicted; he was executed on January 21, 1793.





In 1793, the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women, created by sans-culotte women, lasted only six months before it was shut down by authorities. Advocating issues of interest to the radical middle-class and the Parisian poor, such as penal reform, occupational training for girls, public morality, and economic reforms and finding their petitions ignore by the moderate Girondins, the sans-culotte women allied with the Jacobins, tipping the balance of power in the Girondin / Jacobin struggle toward the Jacobins. Once the Jacobins consolidated their victory over the Girondins, the Jacobins moved to co-opt parts of the R茅publicaines-r茅volutionnaires agenda, to silence their leaders, and to disband their organization. As critical of the Jacobins for failing to implement their alleged economic policies as they had been critical of the Girondins for failing to adopt their economic polices, the R茅publicaines-r茅volutionnaires continued to press the Jacobins with their radical demands, demanding among other things that all women wear the Revolutionary dress and cockade. A law was duly passed to require all women to wear the proscribed articles and when the R茅publicaines-r茅volutionnaires tried to have the law enforced, market women rebelled and petitioned the Convention for the abolition of the Society. The Convention seized their opportunity, dissolved the Society, and outlawed all women's clubs and associations. Freed of its most powerful restraint, the Montagnards led by Robepierre proclaimed the Revolutionary Government on the next day, October 30, 1793. The Terror, which had been simmering below the surface, exploded in a violent cataclysm of human
Reply:Joan of Arc, or Jeanne d'Arc (in French), also known as The Maid of Orleans.
Reply:Joan of arc didn't fight in the french revolution she was around several hundred years before. She fought the english during the 100yrs war.
Reply:Jeanne D'arc
Reply:I think you are referring to Joan of Arc, who helped the French win the Hundred Years' War in the 15th century, way before the French Revolution. She helped them win by convincing the government to crown the dauphin of France, Charles, who then led the army to Orleans and pwned the English. She was burned as a witch b/c she claimed the voices of St. Micheal and a few others told her to do what she did. She was canonized several hundred years later.
Reply:Joan of Arc is who you are asking about and she fought during the Hundred Years War with England and not the French revolution...
Reply:Ja'nice.